November 2011


Thanksgiving 2011

The American owner of the pizza restaurant in my neighborhood put on a traditional American Thanksgiving dinner for a group of 35, most of whom were English language students of my friend Roseanne. The menu included turkey, stuffing, mashed potatoes, carrots, peas, pumpkin mousse, and cranberry sauce. For dessert there was apple pie and a brownie a la mode. Of course, in Italy there was wine too. I was given the ceremonial task of carving the turkey. I also gave in English (speaking very slowly) a short talk on the history of Thanksgiving. A very pleasant evening.

TV Treasures

Instead of buying a new flat screen TV, I opted, at least for now, to buy a simple, inexpensive decoder so my TV will work with the new digital signal.  I was surprised to discover that instead of about 18 stations, I now get over 100!  Of course more than a few of them are special interest ones like the 24 hour Italian poker channel, the Italian version of the Home Shopping Network,  and TV Padre Pio dedicated to Italy’s most popular 20th century saint of whom I have written before.  I also get 20 radio stations over my TV including a classical music one that I cannot get on my radio in the apartment.

(We are still in Italy. With the new system when you tune to a station at bottom of screen often there is a momentary display showing the current show and the next one. About half the time, this information is incorrect.)

At the big electronics store where I purchased the decoder there was a big pile of decoders that had been returned by customers.  Obviously these were not all defective ones; I assume very few were.  Instead these were ones that the customers could not make work with their TV sets.  Why?  The decoder requires a certain type of connection at the back of the TV and some customers may have had TVs so old that this connection was not there. More probably, however, was a slight defect in the instructions that I discovered when I hooked up my unit. With the decoder, you run the TV signal through one of the Audio/Visual sub channels on the TV.  Once you turn to that sub channel, you tune the stations with the remote control of the decoder.  The instructions did not indicate this necessary first step.

Gettysburg in the Italian News

Naturally my American town of residence, Gettysburg, is not a big news item in Italy. On November 19, in the local paper it was featured in the “This Day in History” which recalled that on November 19, 1863 President Lincoln made the famous Gettysburg address. The line quoted from it was the one about the soldiers shall not have died in vain.  In fact, the most famous line is that of government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth.  It is always fun to note to Italians that the most quoted speech in American history is only 300 words long.

Speaking versus Reading Italian

I have many friends who have lived in Italy for a long time and are much more fluent in spoken Italian than I am.  If, however, I am looking at a newspaper, I can almost always find words in the newspaper than I know but my friends do not.  This is because these words appear in written Italian but rarely in everyday speech. I always continue to study new vocabulary in Italian.

Occupy Wall Street

I watched a documentary on Italian TV about this movement.  It gets extensive media coverage in Italy.  Street demonstrations and movements that occupy a space for protest purposes are more common in Italy than in the USA.   The Italian political spectrum in general is to the left of that in America.  As a result, the typical Italian is more sympathetic to the Occupy Wall Street  group than is the case in the USA.

Why Did Berlusconi Finally Resign?

He said he would never resign unless forced to do so by a vote of No Confidence in Parliament.  As the Italian bond crisis escalated, it was obvious to all but him that he had to go to stem the damage. According to reports in the press, the advice and pleas of his political advisors were not the impetus for his departure.  Instead he resigned after one of his top financial advisors told him that the stocks of his companies were going into the toilet, and he had to resign in order to stop the deterioration of his financial empire.  It is probably impossible to verify this scenario of the events, but is  consistent with the theory of many of his opponents that Berlusconi entered politics not to help Italy but to  benefit and protect his financial interests.

Citizenship for Children of  Born in Italy to Immigrant Parents

Currently children born in Italy to immigrant parents can obtain Italian citizenship when they become adults or when their parents achieve such citizenship. The President of the Republic of Italy has proposed that such children have citizenship by virtue of their birth in Italy. It is not clear whether this would apply to all immigrants or only to immigrants legally in Italy. The proposal does not appear as broad as birthright citizenship presently in the USA, but is clearly a move in that direction at a time when many in the USA are discussing moving away from birthright citizenship. I doubt that Parliament will adopt this idea.

Reinforcing Stereotypes

The idea that Italians, and Mediterranean people in general, are more temperamental than northern Europeans is an old one. It may well be a stereotype that would not survive serious analysis.  If we have a stereotype in mind, we always note instances that seem to reinforce it and ignore those that don’t.  Here is one for the hot-headed Italian stereotype.

A 72 year old man returned home to find a car in the disabled parking place in front of his house reserved for his car because of his wife’s disability.  He called the police to come and give a ticket and perhaps tow away the car. Before the police arrive the driver of the parked vehicle came back.  The 72 year old man began to shout at him.  At this point it may have been that the owner of the car wanted to flee to avoid being attacked by the old man who apparently was beating on the car.  It may be that the owner of the car wanted to flee to avoid the fine.  It may be that the old man stood in front of the car so it could not be easily moved. What is clear is that the owner of car drove over the old man and killed him.  Who was the owner – some violent youth?  No, he was a 76 year old guy.  One would like to hope that guys in their 70s could be a little more mature than the youthful characters in Romeo and Juliet.

 

Why Berlusconi’s reign should be a lesson to revolutionaries everywhere

( Interesting Opinion Piece from Washington Post)

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By Anne Applebaum, Published: November 14 Washington Post

All political careers end in failure, a British politician once said. Even so, politicians rarely fail as spectacularly as did Silvio Berlusconi, who at long last resigned Saturday night, to the cheers of his countrymen (“la commedia è finita!” writes an Italian friend) and the approval of stock markets around the world.

Not that he is aware of having failed: On the contrary, Berlusconi clung to power — petulantly, angrily — until the bitter end. He finally left office only because “eight traitors,” in his words,  failed to support him during a vote last week, and he lost his parliamentary majority. Had that not happened, he surely would have carried on, even as the Italian financial system collapsed in a hail of fire and brimstone all around him.

I leave it to others to puzzle out what will happen to the Italian financial system next, and I don’t envy them.  A couple of weeks ago, I heard a senior European central banker solemnly declare that the future of the entire continent might well depend upon whether and when his colleagues would once again begin to purchase Italian government bonds. It is bad enough that Greece is about to go down in flames. But Italy? The fourth-largest economy in Europe? The eighth-largest economy in the world?

Yet even if one looks backward instead of forward, the conclusion of Berlusconi’s political career doesn’t look much more cheerful.  On the contrary: His long reign at the very top of Italian politics holds gloomy lessons for would-be revolutionaries everywhere.

For, as not many now remember, Berlusconi’s political career was the direct result of a very dramatic revolution, one that I was lucky enough to witness at an early stage. In 1993, I went to Milan to interview Luca Magni, an Italian businessman who ran a cleaning company. After years of paying bribes to secure contracts, Magni had decided a few months earlier that he’d had enough. “I just wanted to do business without worrying about it,” he told me. So he made a recording of a government official who asked him for money, passed the recording to a public prosecutor named Antonio Di Pietro — and thus set into motion a chain of investigations that eventually led to the arrest of hundreds of politicians and political appointees.

In due course, the whole Italian political hierarchy collapsed. Bettino Craxi, the leader of the Socialist Party, escaped to Tunisia and never came back. Giulio Andreotti, the Christian Democrat leader and former prime minister, was investigated for mafia connections and never returned to public life. Their political parties vanished.

Into the vacuum stepped Silvio Berlusconi. Though it’s hard to believe now, at the time he seemed revolutionary, too. He talked about releasing Italians from the chains of bureaucracy, corruption and high taxes. He brought a whole new group of young people into politics, all dressed in cashmere sweaters. He named his political party Forza Italia — after the slogan of the national soccer team — and for a brief moment, that seemed fun. For an even briefer moment politics became chic, even among the northern Italian middle classes, who had always stayed away. In Milan, I was told in 1993, it was rude to ask a man which party he voted for, much worse than asking him how much money he made. Berlusconi was supposed to change all of that.  

 But Berlusconi, who had accumulated his wealth under the old regime, was incapable of changing himself, let alone his country. Some people grow more mature upon attaining political power. Some grow more arrogant. He fell into the latter camp. Instead of heralding the new era, he brought the revolution to a halt. Instead of making life easier for the Luca Magnis of Italy, he avoided unpopular reforms, accumulated even more state debt, spent much of his time with fellow billionaires (Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin among them) and organized “bunga-bunga,” whatever that means exactly, in his palatial residences. He remained popular enough to be reelected, in part because the opposition was so weak — when the old Italian political class was eliminated, nothing else emerged to replace it — and in part because he represented the material “success” to which many modern Italians aspire. But now the bond markets have caught up with him, and the prosecutors won’t be far behind, or at least I hope not.  

Which brings me back to the gloomy lesson of his career:  Occupy Wall Street! Libyan rebels! Spanish Indignados! Be careful what you wish for: The elimination of your country’s political class will not necessarily result in a better-run state or  a happier society. Instead, if you are not extremely careful, you might get the counterrevolution — you might get Berlusconi.

What’s Next in Italy?

The new temporary (who knows for how long) government of technocrats (including many university professors) promises to do reforms that in fact both sides of the political fence have been promising to do for years in Italy but have not done.  Surely steps will be taken to calm down the financial markets and satisfy demands of the European Union, but as for long term reforms, the outlook is more hazy.  The nightly TV news will certainly change since it is dominated by the politicians from various parties saying over and over that their opponents are the cause of Italy’s problems.  It will be a waste of time to yell at the technocrats who are not politicians planning to run for office.  There are fewer good looking women in the government than there were under Berlusconi.

Justice for the Family

I have written before about trials in Italy tht have no practical effect (often the accused is not under Italian jurisdiction), but are held so the family of the victim gets “justice.”  We had another one recently.  Last year a body was found in a church of a woman murdered in 1993.  The prime suspect in her disappearance had been her boyfriend.  He had moved to Great Britain, and this year he was tried for a murder of a woman there and sentenced to life in prison.  They held a short trial this month in Italy (the accused stayed in Great Britain but agreed to the trial), and the boyfriend was found guilty of murder and sentenced to 30 years.  The family of the victim does not want him extradited; they know he will serve all or almost all of his life sentence in Great Britain while in Italy who knows how much of the 30 year sentence he would serve before  being released.  In short this trial had no practical effect; it was solely to give a sense of justice to the family.

Demonstrations Abroad on Fall of Berlusconi

I saw on Italy TV a few demonstrations in cities abroad of Italians in those countries celebrating the end of Berlusconi government.  These kind of demonstrations are typical if a dictator falls and citizens  of his nation living abroad (often in exile) take to the streets in joy.  Berlusconi was no dictator.  My guess is that for Italians abroad, he was primarily an embarrassment.  They constantly were being asked about his various escapades by foreigners who simply could not understand how a national leader could say and do such things.

Italian Perspective on the American High School

 I read a short item about the experience of an Italian high school student as an exchange student in the USA.  Of course, he found the academic work easier than in Italy even though he did not fully understand everything at first in English.  The two major differences noted were the great emphasis on sports and on speaking in class in the American high school.  The comment about these emphases was that reflected the American goal of having the schools produce good citizens.  I’ve come at this point a little differently in that I note the greater emphasis in American schools on the development of the whole person.  No matter how you look at it, American schools are less narrowly academic than Italian ones and European ones in general.

For this reason, I doubt that American students will ever lead the world in academic achievement because American schools are less focused upon academics.

The Invisible Crisis in Italy

An Italian friend noted that the newspapers are full of the details of Italy’s debt crisis, but everyday life seems to go on unaffected.  There are still very expensive items for sale in the stores. There are, of course, poor people,  but they don’t seem more numerous than normally. (Poverty is a little more apparent in the South of Italy than in the Center and North.)  The potential financial crisis could work its way down into everyday life, but it has not so far.

Impoverished Home Media

When I returned from the USA, my satellite radio no longer received NPR from USA and BBC from Great Britain. The company that manufactured the radio seems to be out of business so I can’t get help from them. I am in touch with NPR in USA to try to discover the problem which seems to be that the signal now may be from a different satellite than before, but I don’t understand yet how to access that satellite.

Meanwhile TV in Tuscany has gone digital.  I need to buy a decoder for my TV or a new TV set. Surprisingly, two of the channels still work – one of them is the channel that shows really old films (almost all in black and white) many of which are from the USA.  Without updating my TV, I could still see lots of films of Spencer Tracey, Clark Gable, and Humphrey Bogart.

The Bond Market Boots Berlusconi

The growing loss of faith in Italy’s ability to repay its large national debt reached a crisis point as the interest Italy had to pay to sell its bonds rose to an unsustainable level.  Unlike other crises where Berlusconi could use his charm, money, or power to get people to do what he wanted,  these instruments of his could not cajole the impersonal force of the market.

Berlusconi’s supporters always have argued that his personal and business life should be seen as separate from his political one.  This is not illogical, but this argument does not hold when a nation suddenly has a serious drop in reputation (perhaps undeserved), and the rest of the world looks closely at its leader to decide if he can overcome the crisis.  (I brought back from USA to Italy the October 2011 issue of Playboy magazine with its article of nude photos of one of Berlusconi’s mistresses.) In the last few years many Italians chose not to notice as Berlusconi’s failures in judgment and intelligent action became more pronounced. He has been in a state of personal decline, and now it has all come home to roost.

In viewing Italy’s current crisis of confidence, it is important to remember that it is not caused by recent disastrous financial polices (as in Greece), but by the country’s lack of economic growth for many years that raises the issue of how Italy is to repay its large, long-term debt.

What Went Wrong with Silvio?

He is a man of incredible charm and persuasiveness. He is highly intelligent.  He proposed a coherent political program that attracted a majority of Italians.  He had large majorities in Parliament which should have opened up the way to major reforms. Little happened.  Some say the task was impossible even for him because of the paralysis of Italian politics.  Regardless of whether the task he set for himself was possible or impossible, Silvio lacked one key ingredient for a successful national leader – gravitas. He simply is too childlike – wanting everyone to love him, saying whatever comes into his mind without a thought for its consequences, trapped in an adolescent world of sexual fantasy that normal men outgrow.  He was not the man for the serious, hard, dogged task of changing Italy.

Don’t Be Too Jealous of My Opportunities to Find Bargains in Italy

I write occasionally about the wonderful Italian clothes, new and used, that I can find at the traveling market in Pistoia or at the monthly Thrift Shop at my church in Florence.  Opportunity, however ,is not lacking in the USA.  In Los Angeles, where I was in a thrift shop with my grandchildren who were looking for possible costumes. I immediately noticed one of the sports coats on the rack. As I suspected, it was from Italy (made in Milan) and in fact was new with the pockets still sewn shut.  It fit me fine, and I walked away from the shop  with this item for $14.  I might have got it a little cheaper in Italy, but not much.  That was in Los Angeles, a city of fashionable citizens.  A few weeks later I happened into a Goodwill Store in Greencastle, Indiana, a small rural town that is the location of my alma mater , DePauw University.  On the shoe rack was a new pair of Salvatore Ferragamo women’s shoes for $ 5. I bought those and had no trouble finding a woman who was wiling to take them from me as a gift.  There are treasures to be found everywhere.

Sad News Upon My Return

 I read a newspaper article where I immediately trecognized the situation involved, even though the article did not mention names.  A good American friend here has a brother who works as a lawyer in Florence.  He was married to an American lawyer who originally came from Russia.  Their divorce was bitter and recently an Italian court terminated the mother’s custodial rights because of her mental instability.  She now has kidnapped the four children and gone to Russia.  Russia has not yet formally ratified the Hague international agreement governing cases where a parent takes the children and flees to another nation.  Of course the husband is trying legal and diplomatic means to get the children back.  I don’t know how reliable the legal system is in Russia.  To me this may end up in a situation where you pay some Russian “security company” to steal the children back.

Pedophilia in Pennsylvania

Since I lived in Pennsylvania for 30 years before moving to Italy, I am of course interested in the scandal there that has caused the firing of the football coach of Pennsylvania State University, Joe Paterno, and the President of the University.  I am not expressing an opinion as to whether these firings were correct because I don’t feel that the full story of what happened has been told; perhaps it never will be.  When I told the story to an Italian friend, she expressed admiration that strong action was taken by the University’s Board of Trustees.  In Italy, in a similar situation, strong action would be much less likely.  The sense of holding people responsible for their actions is lower in Italy and the ability of those in power to avoid responsibility is higher. 

Herm Cain, Your Political Career is Not Necessarily Over

Herm seems to be floundering in explaining the sexual harassment allegations against him.  I am making no judgment about their veracity.  All I can say is that, taking these allegations as true for the sake of argument, they would not pose a big problem for him as a candidate in Italy. Furthermore, there is a big opening at the top in Italy now.

“Our Employees Are So Stupid, We Have to Retrain Them After a Coffee Break”

I’m not quite as bad yet as the employees in this old joke, but I am getting there.  After returning to Pistoia, I got my commuter bike out for a trip to the library.  I then realized that I had no idea what the combination was for the lock.  I had to go to bike shop to have the lock cut off. (I think I might have remembered the combination a while later, but with the lock gone,  I won’t have the opportunity to test whether my memory is correct.)  Old age is at times less than grand.